More than 90% of the Venous flow (  blue ) of the leg climbs up  in the deep venous system located in the muscles . 

NORMAL SUPERFICIAL SYSTEM  (saphenous veins) drains less than 10% .  

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Ankle motion , calf muscle pump , and breathing  participate actively .

In case of SUPERFICIAL VARICOSIS  , part of the pumped flow goes down in the wrong direction and produces a peripheral congestion involving the deep venous system.  

This reverse flow often explains  the sensation of heaviness , pain , night cramps , itching , swelling and also skin pigmentation , eczema and venous ulcers .

AFTER the appropriate procedure , there is no more backflow . Circulation is normalised .

The deep venous system can recover from  its distention and stop generating  congestive effects .

Mise à jour 4.06.2019

 * According to  thesis  published in  SWISS MED 4b/1986 47-60     25 ans Société Suisse de Plébologie  fondée par Alfred BOLLIGER

 BAMMATTER J.-P. : 

La photopléthysmographie veineuse.

Swiss Med. 4B, 47-60, 1986.

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 BAMMATTER  J.-P. et Chapuis G. :

Rôle des varices primaires dans l’insuffisance veineuse profonde des membres inférieurs.

Med. et Hyg. 46, 228-231, 1988.

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Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2016 Jul 9. pii: S1078-5884(16)30167-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2016.05.032

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27405879